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Salamander Ceramic Infrared Emitters Technical Manual Page 15

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Estimating Power Requirements

        In a given heating system any or all of the three modes of heat transfer (convection, conduction, radiation) can be utilized. The intended purpose of the following examples is to focus on the infrared heating component only of each heating system. That is, it is assumed that 100% of the heat transfer in each example is by infrared radiation and any heat losses are considered to be negligible.

Thermoforming:

Given: A thermoforming application requires that an 1/8" thick PVC sheet be heated to 350 °F (177 °C) in 1 minute.   Determine the power required using only infrared radiation.

Calculations:

Emissivity of the infrared source = .90
Emissivity of PVC Sheet = .90
Specific Heat of PVC = .30 BTU / lb. / °F
Density of PVC = 99 lbs. / ft3
Temperature Required = 350 °F (177 °C)
Ambient Temperature = 65 °F (18 °C)

Convert the PVC target into (lbs. / in2):
lbs./in2 = (99 lbs./ft3)( 1/1728 in3)(.125 in) = .007161  lbs./in2

The power required to heat the PVC sheet is given by:


Watt-Hour            (Weight)(Specific Heat)( T1 - T2 )
____________   =   ____________________________________________
       in2                                     3.412

        (.007161)(.30)(350-65)
=     _____________________________   =   .179
                        3.412

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MOR ELECTRIC HEATING ASSOC., INC.
5880 Alpine Ave. NWComstock Park, MI 49321  USA
Tel 616-784-1121 800-442-2581Fax 616-784-7775 • E-mail sales@infraredheaters.com