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Salamander Ceramic Infrared Emitters Technical Manual Page 16
Thermoforming Example (cont.):
Warm-up Time:
This is the amount of infrared radiant energy that must be absorbed into
the PVC sheet to heat the sheet to 350 °F (177 °C) in 1 minute.
At this point one can use Planck's Law and the spectral absorption curve for PVC by superimposing these curves on
each other and calculating the total area under the curves at which the two curves
intersect (provided that accurate curves are available). This can be extremely time
consuming.
A simplified method of estimating the power radiated and absorbed into the PVC sheet is
given by the following:
The effective emissivity between two parallel plates is given by:
1
1
e = __________________ =
__________________
( 1/e1 + 1/e2 - 1)
( 1/.9 + 1/.9 - 1)
= .82
Page 15
Page
17 
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