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Estimating Power Requirements

        In a given heating system any or all of the three modes of heat transfer (convection, conduction, radiation) can be utilized. The intended purpose of the following examples is to focus on the infrared heating component only of each heating system. That is, it is assumed that 100% of the heat transfer in each example is by infrared radiation and any heat losses are considered to be negligible.

Thermoforming:

Given: A thermoforming application requires that an 1/8" thick PVC sheet be heated to 350 °F (177 °C) in 1 minute.   Determine the power required using only infrared radiation.

Calculations:

Convert the PVC target into (lbs. / in2):
lbs./in² = (99 lbs./ft³)( 1/1728 in³)(.125 in) = .007161  lbs./in²

The power required to heat the PVC sheet is given by:

Watt-Hour            (Weight)(Specific Heat)( T₁ - T₂ )
^____________   =   ^{____________________________________________}
       in²                                     3.412

        (.007161)(.30)(350-65)
=     ^{_____________________________}   =   .179
                        3.412

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